Participants were shown pictures of full containers of different non-alcoholic beverages and were asked to estimate the number of teaspoons of sugar contained in the portion shown.
Although the sugar content of all drinks and smoothies was similar, the sugar content of fruit juices and smoothies was underestimated by 48% on average, whereas the sugar content of carbonated drinks was overestimated by 12%.
While many fruit juices are billed as containing one portion of a person's recommended daily fruit intake, it is by no means a substitute for fruit itself.
In addition to its higher sugar content, fruit juice is also without much of the natural fibre found in a piece of fruit.
However, fruit juices can contain important vitamins and minerals, whereas sugar-sweetened drinks do not.
But Dr Gill said the micronutrient content of fruit juices may not offset the "adverse metabolic consequences" of excessive consumption. He added: "There seems to be a clear misperception that fruit juices and smoothies are low-sugar alternatives to sugar-sweetened beverages.
"[But], contrary to the general perception of the public, and of many healthcare professionals, that drinking fruit juice is a positive health behaviour, their consumption might not be substantially different in health terms from drinking other sugary drinks."